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Regeneration Electrode
Regeneration Electrode
Regeneration electrodes are used in a number of electrochemical applications including cathodic regeneration, ion-exchange processes and the separation of organic pollutants.regeneration electrode They are typically fabricated from platinum (Pt) or nickel-copper (NiCu) alloys and have a central porous region that contains nine transit zones separated by peripheral connector pads. Each transit zone can be electrically activated with different voltages to elicit propagating compound neural action potentials (CNAPs).
The regeneration process involves desorption of the adsorbed pollutant at the cathode and subsequent reduction by anodic current.regeneration electrode The resulting OH-ions increase local pH conditions that can then promote the migration of the pollutant to the anode where it is subject to oxidation and degradation. However, due to mass transfer limitations between the cathode and anode, there is often residual pollutant left in the cathode unless large currents or long regeneration times are employed.
Moreover, the regeneration process is difficult to control in practice due to the rapid variation in temperature of the regenerator and electrode interface, which can lead to variations in the desorption potentials and electrochemical responses of the electrode.regeneration electrode Furthermore, the electrode surface can become contaminated with adsorption products, such as polymer residues or ion-exchange salts, that can impact the performance of the device.
A recently developed method for regenerating catalytic electrodes using pulsed annealing has shown to significantly extend the lifespan of the device.regeneration electrode Unlike other regeneration techniques that involve heating the substrate, this new method uses carbon paper heaters to rapidly heat the electrode and its membrane. The high-temperature annealing pulses can also be adjusted in a wide range by controlling the electrical parameters of the generator.
This new method of regeneration is also applicable to ion-selective electrodes that have not yet degraded completely and still show Nernstian responses but have lost their response speeds.regeneration electrode To do this, the electrode is immersed for a short time period in a solution that consists of practically the same components as those found in the electrolytic solution to which it has been exposed for its initial determination of the concentration of a particular ion species.
We tested the regenerated electrodes in vivo by implanting them into a section of the sciatic nerve. Bipolar silver wire electrodes placed on the proximal segment of the right sciatic nerve delivered cathodic monophasic electrical stimulation. Similar electrodes on the regenerated sciatic nerve distal to the implant site recorded differential propagating CNAPs from the axons of both the proximal and the distal nerve segments.
The regenerated electrode showed comparable cyclic voltammetry performance and stability to the pristine one under identical test conditions. It was also found that the regenerated electrode showed no footprints of Li2CO3 and had well-dispersed Pt nanoparticles without noticeable aggregation.
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